• Existing magnetoelectric devices lack self-biased behavior and struggle to achieve high ME coefficients efficiently.
• There is a need for ME devices with enhanced self-biased behavior and improved ME coefficients to enable more efficient and practical applications in micro-ME sensors and devices.

Composite Material Design:

• The invention employs a unique combination of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials with controlled volume fractions to create a composite material structure.

Mechanical Interference Fit:

• The use of a precise mechanical interference fit, ranging from 0.3% to 1% of disc diameter, imparts prestress within the material, enabling self-biased magnetoelectric behavior.

Optimized Disc Distribution:

• Piezoelectric material is distributed as discs within the magnetostrictive material, enhancing the ME response.

Material Selection:

• Utilizes negatively magnetostrictive materials (e.g., nickel or Samfenol-D) and specific piezoelectric materials (e.g., PZT-5A or PZT-5H) for their compatibility and properties.

Enhanced ME Coefficients:

• Achieves impressive static and dynamic self-biased magnetoelectric coefficients, making it suitable for various applications, including micro-ME sensors and devices