Affordability and Accessibility:

• The low-cost nature of the paper sensor, coupled with the use of readily accessible chemicals, ensures a cost-effective solution for water quality monitoring.

Ease of Use:

• The sensor’s simplicity allows for easy deployment, requiring only a drop of liquid reagent or a simple dip of the strip, making it user-friendly even in resource-constrained environments.

Naked Eye Detection of Pollutants:

• By aligning with regulatory guidelines, the sensor enables the visual identification of pollutant levels, facilitating early detection and intervention to prevent water body deterioration.

Selective Performance:

• The sensor demonstrates selectivity in the presence of co-existing ions, ensuring accurate and reliable measurements in complex environmental samples.

Non-Toxic Byproducts:

• The sensor’s reaction produces no toxic byproducts, ensuring environmental safety and sustainability throughout its use.

Stability and Scalability:

• With high stability under diverse environmental conditions and easy storage, the sensor can be reliably scaled up in production.