• In the present era, the cost-effective production of hydrogen (H2) is the vital research area, wherein clean water splitting driven by electricity or solar power is one of the most promising approaches.
• Further, using of clean Aqua water is costlier and resources are limited.
• In this instant, the clean water can be replaced by natural resource water like sea water with or without treatment for the process of production of H2.
• One of the major issues cause while using of real sea water during electrolysis process is that said water contains several salts, and that form participates on the cathode surface, which obstructs to reach the benchmark of current density.
• Thus, there is need for an electrolyzer system & framework to overcome above issues.

Electrocatalyst development:

• Anode Catalyst layer is designed by using a framework type structure i.e Cobalt hexacyanoferrate (Co-FePBA) mixed with nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) and heated at different temperatures (300-400oC) to obtain Co-FePBA/NCNT composite.
• Cathode Catalyst layer is designed by Metallic nickel particles encapsulated inside nitrogen-doped carbon tubules (Ni/NCT).
• Carbon based substrate is used as catalyst support instead costly metallic foam.
• In present electrolyzer system, the KOH treated sea water is used as an electrolyte for testing purpose. Further, the ground water or salty ground water may be used as electrolyte as discussed in the Patent.
• Design Framework: The electrolyzer system comprises an anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer and a catalytic support for the anode catalyst layer and cathode catalyst layer.
• Problem Solution: Best anode-cathode assembly of the present invention shows overall water splitting voltage of 1.88V in 1M KOH treated seawater with a benchmark current density of 10mA/cm2 required for a 12.8% efficiency solar cell driven electrolyzer.

• A strain gauge is a sensor which converts mechanical deformation of the substrate to the change in electrical resistance, the resilience and gauge factor are existing limitation of current strain sensor.
• In sensor installation phase, using of inappropriate adhesives from the market, long curing time for certain kinds of adhesives and no control over the manual adhesive coating, which causes uneven thickness profile which affects sensor performance.
• Hindrance of Flexible Sensors to Reach Market: Most design often ignorespackaging feasibility and non-compatibility with existing industrial manufacturing process.

• Nanomaterial Functionalization: Carbon nanotube is polymer functionalized to achieve consistent sensing performance throughout the sensor tape.
• Polymer Nanocomposite: flexible strain sensor film is a homogenized mixture of the carbon nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC).
• Design Framework: Flexible strain sensor tape comprises of one polymer nanocomposite flexible stain sensor film; one acrylic based pressure sensitive adhesive layer in bottom; and one copper electrode layer on top.
• Problem Addressed: This strain sensor tape design solves laborious and time consumed installation process and provides viable sensor packaging and easily adaptable industrial manufacturing process.

• The concept of liquid removal from a horizontal surface and the harness of liquid are important factor in space application to maintain the perfect operation.
• In the existing condenser, the condensates had removed by external force or gravity and such a mode of removal was impossible for horizontal orientation surface under micro gravity conditions.
• In space application, maintenance of humidity and temperature of the international space station or space shuttle is necessary and important.
• Further, the increase in humidity was causing water accumulation on electronic devices, inside the space shuttle which further leads to short circuit and the possibility of igniting a fire.
• Furthermore, warm and high humidity conditions can lead to the growth of micro-organisms within the space station, and human gets sick after inhaling those microorganisms.
• Therefore, there is a need for a device and method to address above issues.

• The present invention relates to a platform and method for thermal and humidity management in condensation application.
• The claimed platform (or a device) and method are used for removing the liquids without any external force or gravity.
• The device comprises a substrate and a wicking reservoir for displacing liquids and removing the liquids.
• The substrate comprising a wettability patterned surface which comprises of one super hydrophobic region and the liquid displacement occurs due to surface forces resulting from the wettability patterned surface.
• The wicking reservoir is placed around the surface in such a manner that the liquid displaced to outer edges of substrate is absorbed by wicking reservoir.
• Further a method for designing and fabrication of said platform is claimed in the invention. FIG. 1(a) and FIG. 1(b): Illustrates a platform or device to remove liquid without any external force.

• There are uses of photocatalytic materials for wastewater treatment. These materials are semiconductors & others.
• A few photocatalysts like TiO2 based materials are used commercially, however retrieving & recycling of said photocatalysts are challenged in terms of scale, when said photocatalyst are used in the process of slurry-based water treatment.
• Further other photocatalyst materials discussed present problems with assaying of its toxicity & other issues.
• Hence, there is a requirement of an improvised process to address the above issues efficiently.

• Patent literature talks about a process of synthesis of magnetic photocatalyst Aluminium ferrite (AlFeO3) as shown in smart charts.
• The AlFeO3 having optical bandgap of 2.0eV, enables sunlight driven photoactivity.
• Further, the subject matter describes the process for treatment of water using said photocatalyst AlFeO3 as shown in smart charts.
• The process of treatment of water using photocatalyst AlFeO3 achieves better performance shown in figures.

• In the prior arts, patent and non patent literature, there are few processes discussed for production of zinc oxide superstructures which incur high initial equipment cost & requires modifiers, seed layers, or surface directing agents which can compromise the purity of the developed nanostructures.
• Further, the above prior art techniques require variety of organic or inorganic ingredients with time-consuming processing steps, including heat treatment. Hence, there is a requirement of a simple process to address the above issues efficiently.

Present Patent talks about a process for preparation of zinc oxide (ZnO) superstructures by coupling Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) template-assisted synthesis with alkali etching, wherein the process comprises a step of:

• Electro polishing ultrasonicallycleaned aluminum strips.
• Conducting first anodizationfor 1 hour;
• Oxide etching at 60ºC for 1 hour.
• Conducting second anodization for 2 hours.
• Thinning the alumina dielectric barrier layer by sequentially reducing the anodization voltage.
• Etching the sample in 5 wt. % phosphoric acids at 20°C for 45 min to widen the pores.
• Electrochemical deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires within the AAO nanochannels.
• Hydroxide etching of ZnO nanowires embedded in the AAO template to obtain ZnO superstructures.

Further, it talks about various features for obtaining ZnO superstructure as shown: 

1. The Electro-polishing step is done at 20V DC, at 10⁰C for 60s including a mixture of perchloric acid & ethanol in 1:4 v/v ratio.
2. First & second anodization steps are conducted in an electrolyte of 0.3M oxalic acid solution at 20°C with a constant voltage of 45V DC.
3. In the hydroxide etching step, the nanowires are etched further for a period of 0 to 60 minutes under concentration range of 0.5 to 2M NaOH at a Temp. between 5 to 50°C.

In this instant, the process of obtaining ZnO superstructure along with outcomes are depicted in the figures.

• Mainstream compilers perform multitude of optimizations and transformations.
• In the present era, the existing compiler frameworks need manual stabilization of abstractions which leads the optimization writer to take on additional burden of identifying various factors related to stabilization.
• In addition to this, the existing compilers face issues in ensuring correct stabilization during parallel language compilations which leads to incorrect and unsatisfactory results.
• Therefore, there is a need for requirement of a system and method for performing self-stabilizing compilation to address the above issues.

The method for self-stabilizing compilation comprises steps to perform one or more optimization operations on a plurality of abstractions of input program and stabilizing one or more of the plurality of abstractions by using other inter-related process, depicted in the flowchart shown in FIG 1.

• There is a huge demand for implementation of solar PV unit or solar power plant in the rural areas. As the PV modules and their auxiliary components have reliability challenges, faults can and do occur. On the other hand, the repair and maintenance services in remote areas are expensive and time consuming.
• Thus, there is a need for remote monitoring system to forecast and monitor energy production and consumption from distributed PV unit remotely.
• The system consists of transmitter (remote location) and receiver (central station), wherein in case of any failure in communication in these standalone units, it reflects the overall performance of the system.
• Further, the system includes Low Power WAN technology that extends range of cellular communication with additional infrastructure & other deficiencies.
• The drawback of currently available monitoring systems is that they do not provide a means of calculating the expected performance of a PV system, and the present invention provides the solution by addressing above issues.

Instant invention describes an IoT solution by claiming a remote monitoring system for a stand-alone power generation system (AC/DC) and a method thereof.

• The LoRaWAN based remote monitoring system comprises at least one solar PV stand alone system remotely located, a LoRaWAN end node operably coupled to said stand-alone system, includes a microcontroller unit, LoRa transceiver with antenna, a plurality of sensors, a measurement circuit & a battery for measurement circuit; a charge controller, wherein the LoRa WAN end-node is interfaced with respective positive and negative terminals of charge controller; a LoRa WAN gateway, a network server integrated with the LoRa WAN gateway and an application server integrated with the network server provide access and enabling visualization of different operational parameters, wherein the network server is provided with an inbuilt capacity to integrate application server involving database enabling IoT applications.
• The present system provides information of solar energy generation, electric energy consumption, battery performance, and other indicators, etc.

• Porous mullite ceramic used in a wide range of applications such as high temperature insulation, filter membrane for highly corrosive and high-pressure environments.
• However, the functional properties desirable for a given application is highly dependent on the composition and microstructure of the porous network, which in turn depends on the processing technique which described lengthy inefficient processing method and inefficient properties of particles as final ceramic.
• Hence, there is a need of improved method to overcome above issues.

Present invention describes a method for preparing porous mullite ceramic from Pickering emulsions stabilized by hetero aggregate of oppositely charged fumed oxide particles.

• The pore size of final ceramic structure is controlled by tuning the emulsion droplet size wherein the droplet size largely depends on the mixing fraction of the particles, aqueous phase pH and the homogenization speed which eventually control the pore size in the final ceramic.
• The porous ceramic is prepared by drying and sintering of emulsion get stabilized by oppositely charged particles.

The method comprises steps mentioned in below:

1. Using oppositely charged fumed oxide particles to stabilize oil-in-water Pickering emulsions, wherein the volume ratio of oil phase to aqueous phase fixed at 1:1.
2. Using Pickering emulsions template that is formulated with fumed oxide nano particles (silica & alumina) to produce green body which is transformed into solid porous material with a controlled porosity and pore size by sintering.
3. Emulsifying the resulting sample consisting of oil and aqueous phases with a homogenizer (IKA T25 ULTRA TURRAX) at 13000rpm for 3 min.

• In the present era, it is utmost important to save water and reuse wastewater to overcome the water scarcity.
• Owing to limited access to freshwater resources, desalination is widely practiced as an alternate source of portable water.
• There have been discussed a few non-patent and patent literatures regarding desalination techniques for wastewater treatment.
• The prior arts techniques required huge cost and need external power as input for proper desalination and tedious process to remove metal contaminated wastewater.
• The prior art literatures has failed to disclose the solution as described in the present invention which address above issues efficiently.

Present Patent describes a fuel cell, and electrochemical method using redox species for simultaneous wastewater treatment and desalination.

Further, said patent does not require any external energy to be supplied as input. It talks about an electrochemical fuel cell comprising plurality of chambers:

1. 1st chamber filled with nitrogenous waste wherein anode is submerged in the nitrogenous waste; (Anode is nickel foam), wherein 1st chamber responsible for organic electrooxidation and electric production.
2. 2nd chamber filled with brine, & the 3rd chamber (cathode chamber) filled with Cr(VI). Cathode chamber for Cr(VI) reduction; & middle chamber for desalination (cathode is catalyst free carbon brush).
3. Cow Urine/urea is chosen as anolyte which leads to organic oxidation at anode & inorganic reduction in terms of Cr(VI) reduction at cathode, which further leads to the redox reaction simultaneously.

The process leads to the nitrogenous waste (urea/cow urine) oxidation and reduction of Cr (VI) along with desalination in a redox cell.

• Traditionally, linear and angular displacements are measured using potentiometric, capacitive, inductive, magnetic or optical methods.
• Said sensors or sensing techniques are used to measure either angle or displacement i.e., suitable measurement of a single variable (angular/linear displacement) at a time.
• Those sensors have mechanical and physical limitations that will prevent them from being rotated and translated at the same time.
• In this instance, a few prior arts are discussed, however said prior arts do not provide solutions of said issues.
• Hence, there is a requirement to address the above issues efficiently.

Present Patent talks about capacitive displacement sensor capable of performing linear as well as angular displacement measurement.

• The sensor includes an electrically conductive cylindrical shaft configured to move linearly along its axis and rotate about it as well.
• Further, a semi-cylindrical shell is attached to the center of the cylindrical shaft.
• An electrode assembly made of two pairs of semi-cylindrical shells surrounds the central shaft symmetrically.
• By measuring the electrode capacitances and performing simple calculations, the displacements can be estimated.

• Generally, integrated microfluidic device process fluids of extremely small size components and the sample fluid analyzed inside the device by moving the fluid one direction to other direction.
• The fluid flow in the micro-channel arises from an applied pressure difference or electro osmosis. And in pressure driven flows, the pressure at inlet is higher than that the outlet.
• The residence of time of the sample is important, and there is high demand of development of microfluidic device in increase the residence time.
• Hence, the present patent provides the solution to address the above issues.

Present invention describes about a microfluidic device to increase the residence time in the lab-on-chip devices and reuse expensive chemicals and raw materials.

• The substrate is adapted to receive an electric field in the recycle channel to reverse the flow of the fluid thereby increasing the residence time of the fluid.
• The recycle flow is initiated once the applied electric field reaches beyond its critical value.
• Present invention talks about a microfluidic device and a method of recycling fluid in micro-fluidic device.

The microfluidic device comprises a few elements mentioned hereinbelow:

1. A substrate including two parallel channels for fluid communication, wherein first channel with an inlet to receive a fluid and an outlet to exit the fluid.
2. A pump coupled to the inlet of the first channel to create pressure difference between inlet and exit and determine direction of the fluid flow in the channels.
3. The second channel is adapted to receive an electric field by means of electrodes to reverse the fluid flow and increase residence time.

The method of recycling fluid in micro-fluidic device comprising the steps of

a) receiving sample fluid in the first channel.

b) applying an electric field sufficient to reverse the fluid flow in the second channel.

• Non-destructive testing (NDT) is widely used to evaluate the properties of material or system without causing damage.
• Further there are other techniques like phase array, total focusing method which are used to generate images with other deficiencies like in terms of taking higher computation time, more extensive data recording during experimentation and other associate problem.
• The technical problems underlying the prior arts inventions are overcome by introducing the present Invention which provides the technical solution to the technical problems efficiently. 

• Present invention describes a system and method for ultrasound imaging using arbitrary virtual array sources of aperture (AVASA) excitation.
• The system comprises a data acquisition and control module, transducer array multiple AVASA, a pulse delay module, atleast one ultrasound beam transmitted from the activated transducer element into at least one sample module and a reflected ultrasound beam from sample module received and recorded by all transducer elements.
• The system and method explained with a test specimen in few steps depicted in the smart chart and figures shown herein.
  

1. AVASA technique is applied to the defect test specimen and observed SNR values for 2mmand 1mm defects, the SDHs have lesser SNR due to lesser interaction of incident ultrasound.
2. In FMC-TFM technique, the API for 2mm and 1mm SDHs is better because the defect size at -6dB is smaller due to unfocused beam transmitted into the medium.
3. The 2mm SDHs imaging with AVASA is comparable to the actual defect size and the maximum time the ultrasound beam interacts with the defects which helps to create better defect shape than a few no of excitations.

• In the present era, it is necessary to recover gold from waste including nano waste and electronic waste to meet the growing demand of the metal.
• There are a few methods used for recovery of gold, as discussed in the prior art, which are Expensive, time consuming and unsustainable.
• The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned deficiencies by providing an environment-friendly solution.

Present Patent describes a method for selectively precipitating and extracting gold in aqueous solutions and the method comprises of steps given below:

1. Adding conc. HCl and HNO3 in 3:1 ratio to the gold bearing raw materials to get dissolved gold solution of HAuCl4.

2. Adding saturated niacin in water to the dissolved gold solution HAuCl4 to precipitate [AuCl4] – [2Niacin+H] + complex.

3. Filtering the obtained precipitate of the second step to remove impurities.

4. Adding a reductant to the recovered [AuCl4] – [2Niacin+H] + complex of third step to reduce the complex and to extract gold metal.

Thus, niacin selectively precipitates and recovers gold from gold containing acidic mixtures at concentrations as low as 300ppb.

The other ions in the solution can be any common ion such as sodium, calcium, aluminum, etc.

• The temporal behavior of theragnostic is vital to improve the efficacy in biological applications.
• Variety of nanoprobes are used as theragnostic of which plasmonic nanobiolabels have optical, photothermal and surface enhanced RS properties.
• However, due to complexity of biological environment resulting in multiple interfering molecules mislead the signals.

The aforesaid problems are eased with a combined  optical microspectroscopic technique as claimed in  present patent subject matter.

A method for the patent comprising:

1. A high resolution dark field condenser from Dark field scattering Micro- spectroscopy (DFSMS)

2. A Raman scattering Micro spectroscopy (RSMS)

• Wherein the high-resolution dark field condenser is integrated with conventional point-scan confocal RSMS set-up that utilizes light source with wavelength of 400-1000 nm to excite plasmonic modes of noble metal nanoparticles and a 532 nm laser to excite Raman spectra for colocalization of both plasmonic nanobiolabels and biomolecules in biological samples.
• The plasmonic nanobiolabels (silver and gold nanoparticles) is identified in chemical and biological nature using their inherent spectroscopic features. It is located in vicinity of Escherichia coli using SERS.
• The biomolecules include proteins, DNA and RNA molecules; the biological samples include bacteria (Escherichia coli), mammalian cells (HEK293 cells). 
• The plasmonic nanobiolabels are located in HEK293 cells and biomolecules are colocalized with them.
• The state of plasmonic nanobiolabels is identified in terms of size, shape or state as a single, dimer or aggregated particles.
• The plasmonic & Raman scattering spectroscopy is performed on chemical-biological systems.

• Humidity monitoring is essential in many fields beyond personal usage, including food processing and medicine.
• Millions of people in the world suffer from a variety of common respiratory problems like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and cystic fibrosis.
• These problems can be regulated by monitoring the components such as carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapour, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contained in the individual’s exhaled breath.
• Examining breath samples for disease prognosis is a promising non-invasive option. However, the widespread deployment of traditionally used methods like Mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy has been hampered by a number of factors, such as high cost, need for trained staff, and inflexibility.
• Thus, the conducting cloth-based breath humidity sensors in the form of wearable face mask have proven to be a useful solution to a few of the problems.

The System comprises of 3 parts:

1. Fabricating the conducting cloth based breath humidity sensor:

• The non-woven polypropylene (PP) cloth is soaked in water for 12h, after which the cloth is immersed in aniline solution for 2 min and later soaked in clean water. Thereafter, the cloth is soaked in ammonium persulfate and after which again immersed in clean water (SILAR method).
• This cycle is repeated for 17 times for growth of Polyaniline (PANI) on the cloth, which turns the colour from blue to green. (Fig. 1)
• The next step is Interdigitated silver electrodes were screen-printed on the conducting cloth and was stitched on a mask and transforming it into a smart mask. The sensor was then connected to the measurement circuit via conducting thread using silver paste.

2. Microcontroller: It measures the voltage drop across the sensor.

3. Android application

• An application is developed to collect and visualize the data from the microcontroller. 
• Using deep learning, the data collected is analyzed to classify and detect the patterns in breathing.

• The tractor-semitrailer combinations are  becoming larger and longer, face the problem of off  tracking, which is the ensuing difference in path  radii between the front & rear axles as it  manoeuvres a turn.
• Despite steering the rear axle of the semitrailer, a  way of mitigating off-tracking is to shift the fifth  wheel coupling rearwards. But, it is limited by the  distribution of the semitrailer’s load; any rearward  shift of the fifth wheel coupling results in reduction of  the total static load on prime mover’s front axle  and available traction, leading to directional  instability of the vehicle.

The aforesaid issues are eased with a mechanism to  reduce off tracking without affecting the load  distribution among the axles of the tractor.

The Present Patent discloses a fifth wheel coupling mechanism for coupling a prime mover and a semitrailer comprising of a roller mechanism and a cylindrical joint. The method for above mentioned subject matter comprising:

• A roller mechanism and a cylindrical joint on either side of the rear axle of the prime mover.
• Roller mechanism comprising plurality of rollers rotatable around their axis, fixed to chassis of prime mover, a track fixed beneath chassis of semitrailer, where rollers roll on track disposed above while articulating.
• The cylindrical joint comprises of a kingpin, a cylindrical mating part adapted to engageably receive the kingpin, guide plate to guide the kingpin, a locking mechanism to lock kingpin in position.

• There is a need for cross dimensional analysis of malware behavior since different types of malwares have different effects on the network, OS and hardware components of a system.
• The present solution employs either software based or hardware based solutions for detection, thus not utilizing the synergistic benefit of combining both solutions.
• At present, the malware detection products apply a one-size-fits-all approach to identifying malware, whereas malware classes are different requiring specialized handling of different classes.

SYSTEM: The system comprises of

1. Client device, which may include smartphones, laptops and traditional workstations.
2. A middle box server (or the device may also function as a server).
3. Gateway (implemented through internet protocol) to connect to the Internet.

The data from the client devices is collected in the following ways:

• The network data is collected by the modules comprising the gateway. Modules which typically form part of the network such as network protocol analyzer collects this data from the network.
• The OS data is collected with the help of data profilers running in the background.
• The hardware data is collected with the help of Performance Measurement Units (PMU), which are already part of the drivers installed along with the system (Diagrammatic representation in Fig. 4).

METHOD: The method comprises of following steps

1. Program executed; Data collection initiated.

2. Collected data is sent to malware detection models (labelled as P1, P2, Pn).

3. Predictions from the individual models fed into model aggregator; further shared with component aggregator.

4. Component aggregator makes final prediction of program maliciousness with sub classification of malware species.

• Blowout is a severe problem for engines and one of the major concerns in the power and aviation industry.
• The lean fuel-air mixture in combustion engines where the number of air molecules per molecule is high and causes a significant reduction of the flame temperature inside a combustor near the reactant flame due to the pressure reduction of the flame temperature inside. Such lean conditions make an engine susceptible.
• The invention addresses, the lean flame blowout (LFO) problem which leads to unplanned power outages and can increase operational costs.

• The invention will predict the exact time to blowout in a combustor, which can be several seconds in advance.
• The core of this technology is that, instead of producing another warning method about an impending blowout, it predicts the time of its occurrence without using any user defined threshold values.
• It performs the prediction by fitting a log-periodic power law curve (LPPL) to the experimentally obtained time series data of an appropriate variable such as (but not limited to) fluctuating pressure or heat release rate.
• The observed variable data can be acoustic pressure fluctuations which are measured using a pressure transducer such as a microphone or a piezoelectric transducer but not limited to it, or heat release rate obtained from a photomultiplier or camera.

FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates the Block diagram of control unit representing various modules of the prototypical system used for controlling blowout.

FIG. 3 illustrates Flowchart for performing the control action.

• Generally, in many applications, there is an indeed requirement of controlled flow of molten liquid materials.
• In the prior arts, the motors/regulators/ other media had discussed for controlling fluid flow.
• In essence of prior arts literature survey, there is no separate device for precise control of molten liquid and cold liquids, including control of molten liquid at low flow rates.
• Another issue stated that the solidification of the molten liquid due to cooling below the melting point. Hence, the present patent provides the solution to address the issues.

• Present invention describes about a device for controlling flow of a molten liquid at a precise low flow rates, wherein maximum flowrate can be achieved is equal to the natural flow rate of the liquid, when it is not controlled.
• The device includes following elements as listed in below:
  1. A metal container with top and bottom nozzles with an on-off valves, wherein said container is partially filled with molten fluid & partially with air, & said nozzle and non-conducting pipe are filled with air ;
  2. A syringe or any airtight pump wherein syringe discharges said air into the metal container;
  3. A non conducting pipe to connect the syringe with metal container, and air released displaces the molten metal where the flow of air from the syringe pump controls the flow of molten liquid.
• The usage of a syringe pump helps to achieve very low rate with precision.
• The flow of air from the syringe pump controls the flow of molten liquid.
• Said device controls the flow of molten fluids, cold fluids and any other fluids, where control flow rates are required.
• Entire device is kept airtight together with the syringe pump.

• The problems associated with aeroelastic instabilities are not only restricted to aircraft wings or helicopter blades, but also to the blades of modern wind turbines.
• A decrease in power generation is observed when modern wind turbines suffer from aeroelastic instabilities. Similarly, rotor blades in turbo machineries are also airfoil like structures which are susceptible to these aeroelastic instabilities.
• The aeroelastic instabilities in the rotor blades can have disastrous consequences in which the broken components behave as high speed projectiles having the potential to cause catastrophic damage.
• It is therefore necessary to have mechanisms that can forewarn of impending aeroelastic instabilities.

Method:

1. Acquire data from a set of contact sensors.
2. Analyze data acquired from the set of contact sensors.
3. Determine recurrence quantification of intermittent states in the data.
4. Compare data acquired from contact sensors with one or more schemes.
5. Generate precursors for detecting impending aeroelastic instability.
6. A suite of measures for foretelling an impending flutter instability is obtained from time series analysis techniques wherein the features, patterns and recurring nature of trajectories in the aeroelastic response data are suitably quantified.

FIG. 1 illustrates a system for generating precursors to detect aeroelastic instabilities in offline mode.

FIG. 2. illustrates a wind tunnel in which the system for generating precursors in offline mode is placed.