• When compared to literature data, the conditions were optimized in the invention to obtain higher capacity i.e., 12 Ah L-1 and lower the decay rate to 2.5% per day at 0.25 M concentration of anolyte.
• The system’s decay rate is only 2.5% per day, outperforming systems with decay rates up to 8% per day
• The invented cell was assembled with higher concentration of DHAQ2- (0.45 M) and demonstrated a discharge capacity of up to ~20 Ah L-1
• Aqueous alkali (KOH) ensures stable, safe, and non-toxic electrolytes, unlike other systems with more corrosive or hazardous materials.
• Robust testing with CV, NMR, IR, and EPR ensures stable performance and verifies no electrolyte crossover or anolyte degradation, making it more reliable than prior technologies under real-world cycling conditions.
• The system’s decay rate is only 2.5% per day, outperforming systems with decay rates up to 8% per day.
• By optimizing charging cutoff voltage, the system achieves up to 19 Ah L⁻¹, comparable to conventional VRFB systems.

Advantages:

Real-time Energy Usage Tracking

• Real-time monitoring and communication capabilities for energy usage tracking.
• Promotes a decentralized energy ecosystem for energy efficiency, resource sharing, and community cooperation.

“Reducing Dependence on Centralized Energy Grids”

• Transferring excess energy units among consumers.

Prepaid Energy Credits Foster Neighborhood Cooperation:

• Fosters cooperation and collaboration within neighborhoods through the transfer of prepaid energy credits.

Promoting Shared Responsibility and Efficient Energy Use:

• Reduces energy waste.
• Optimizes energy distribution.

“Energy System Facilitation“:

• Facilitates information exchange and coordination among interconnected energy devices.
• Allows consumers to prepay for energy before consumption and communicate with different energy systems.

“Enhancing Energy Transactions“:

• Facilitates transparent, secure, and equitable energy transactions.
• Implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof.

• The cost of the invented membrane was only around 9% of Nafion®117, suggesting that it could significantly improve the economic viability of VRFB for large-scale energy storage applications
• The materials can be used in different flow battery applications. When compare to Nafion, The hydrocarbon-based membrane provides cost-effectiveness, which is essential for grid-level energy storage.
• The prepared composite membrane exhibits good stability in vanadium solutions under strong acid conditions, allowing it to sustain cell performance and its efficiency.
• GCD and polarization studies indicated that the prepared membrane significantly reduced the cost and exhibited similar performance to Nafion®117.
• The cycling stability tests showed the membranes were stable in vanadium and acid solution.

Exothermic material:

• Exothermic salt selected from Calcium chloride, Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, Sodium acetate, and Ammonium nitrate.

Portable storage chamber:

• Inlet port for thermal energy, outlet port for thermal energy release, and vacuum port for air removal.

Fail-safe unit:

• Includes redundant pressure relief valves and a shutdown switch.

Movable trolley arrangement:

• Facilitates movement of the portable chamber for operational usage.

Exothermic capsule configuration:

• Constructed with a sealed and open end tube for easy insertion and removal of exothermic material and water.

Temperature measurement:

• Measured by a thermocouple connected to the chamber.

• Achieve a solar parabolic trough collector with optimized structural components with reduced number of members resulting in weight reduction.
• The system consists of an internal torque tube within a circular tube and also an external torque box surrounding the torque tube which ensures high bending capacity and increased torsional rigidity with least material consumption.
• Facilitates cost-effective & efficient system.

• The above described method of versa fracking enhances oil and gas recovery by power comparable to the impact of hydraulic fracturing.
• The Versa fracking method uses an equipment with simple construction and generates sufficient pressure drop for effective fracking. Whereas conventional methods require complicated equipment
• The method does not require the use of external energy source but depends wholly on the differential pressure between atmospheric pressure and formation fluid pressure
• Versa fracking technology is significantly cheaper than the usual hydraulic fracturing and does not pollute the environment.

Technical Perspective:

1. Proposed method is using the MoS2 nanosheets is in the size up to 1μm length with 2-3 layers thickness.
2. The lead (Pb) source used in the process for Pb2+ is Pb(OAC)2 and for Pb4+ is PbO2.
3. MoS2 nanosheets are supported on oxide including SiO2, Al2O3.

Industrial Perspective:

1. Proposed method is cost-effective, & simple, & applicable for aqueous /non- aqueous solution.
2. Chemically exfoliated-MoS2 nanosheets used as an adsorbent to capture &remove the Pb species from water.

Enhanced Hydrocarbon Recovery:

• Staggered well configuration with vertical and angled portions optimizes extraction efficiency, offering improved hydrocarbon recovery from both central and peripheral areas of the pay zone.

Precision Drilling Methodology:

• Utilizes a methodical approach, incorporating varied azimuth angles, elevation angles, and non-overlapping configurations to precisely target and extract hydrocarbons, energy, or minerals from specific zones within the reservoir.

Versatile Well Configuration:

• Adaptable system design allows for customization, featuring injectors or producers with angled portions strategically positioned at different levels, diameters, and lengths, providing versatility in addressing diverse geological conditions.

Optimal Resource Extraction:

• Methodology emphasizes optimal resource extraction through the utilization of perforated piping along angled portions, ensuring efficient injection or production of hydrocarbons, energy, or minerals from the production wells.

Comprehensive Drilling Method:

• Offers a comprehensive drilling method involving a combination of vertical portions and a central shaft branching towards the periphery, enabling a thorough exploration and extraction process for hydrocarbons, energy, or minerals from the entire pay zone.

1. Enhanced Food Safety:

• Maintains precise temperature control (-50°C to +10°C) to prevent spoilage and ensure food safety during transportation.

2. Sustainable Solution:

• Minimizes carbon emissions by eliminating fuel consumption for refrigeration, promoting environmental sustainability in logistics.

3. Reliable Performance:

• Employs high-density organic HTDES insulation to provide robust thermal protection and maintain stable storage conditions over extended periods.

4. Scalability and Adaptability:

• Designed for scalability from portable units to vehicle containers, accommodating varied logistics needs while ensuring efficient energy use.

CPV Systems Classification

• Active: Manages thermal energy.
• Passive: Reflects thermal energy.

Fresnel Lens-Based CPV System

• Compact, cost-effective.
• Primary concentrator: Fresnel lens.
• Secondary concentrator: Compound parabolic collector.
• Optical homogenizer.
• 111-V triple-junction CPV cell.

Secondary Reflector and Optical Homogenizer in Solar Cell

• Prevents overheating and lens deformation.
• Ensures uniform solar irradiance distribution.
• Uses fins for passive cooling and temperature maintenance.
• Allows larger cell area behind

Solar Cell Concentration

• Uses concentration optics for small-sized solar cells.
• Employs large, inexpensive plastic Fresnel lens.

Solar Irradiance Measurement

• Chromatographic aberration reduces average irradiance.
• Secondary optics needed.
• Optical homogenizer enhances uniformity.

Heat Sink and Fins in CPC

• Dissipates heat from non-absorbed photons.
• Provides fins around CPC and homogenizer.

CPV Cell Efficiency

• Higher concentration ratios.
• Uniform irradiation for reliability.
• Less parasitic power due to passive cooling.
• Efficient with minimal internal power consumption.

System Overview

• Simple, low-cost
• Standalone, modular

Technical Perspective:

• Discloses an internal combustion engine system fueled by a multi-gaseous fuel composition, a gaseous-fuel delivery system and a method of obtaining a user-defined composition of plurality of gaseous fuels
• The controller is configured to vary the compression ratio even when the internal combustion engine is operational.

User Perspective:

• Capable of preparing any gaseous fuel composition by mixing various gas constituents ,meter the fuel delivery to the engine by checking intake manifold pressure, provides flexibility to change the equivalence ratio, along with capability to vary the spark timing for optimal performance.
• Determines the compression ratio and equivalence ratio for a given speed and load required to maximize brake thermal efficiency.

Advanced Focusing:

• Involves focusing mirrors and lens configurations.
• Focused light used to heat pipes or solar photo-voltaic panels.

Mechanism:

• Comprises concentrating mechanism and target substance (fluid or solar panel).

Heating Properties:

• Integrates pipe for heat transport within the solar concentrator.
• Heats fluid as it’s transported.

Solar Cell Casing:

• Incorporates solar cells film into casing shape.
• Features a curved Fresnel lens casing.

Power Generation:

• Includes hot junctions of thermopile at focal point of convergent solar rays for thermoelectric power generation
• Cold junctions located at cooler locations inside or outside casing.

Material and shape:

• Uses a transparent glass pipe as a fluid pipe and solar concentrator.
• The tube’s shape is thicker at the top and thinner at the bottom, allowing solar rays to converge and heat the fluid.

Thermal storage:

• Includes thermal storage devices like a transparent spherical container for continuous solar energy concentration.

Geometry:

• Circular perimeter shape with hollow passage.
• Circular tapering casing thickness for fluid movement.
• Can have cylindrical, hemispherical, or multiple hemisphere casing.

• The invented wave energy generation technology enables the power generator to be attached to the tether enabling a simple design with affordable construction. Whereas, conventional wave energy generators are attached to the seabed which requires complex design.
• The technology reduces the manufacturing costs when compared to conventional technologies that are difficult to manufacture because of their complex designs.
• The simultaneous generation of wave and solar energy enables mass power production for powering offshore equipment. Energy from conventional sources cannot be supplied to offshore regions without use of expensive equipment.
• Compared to fixed conventional fixed solar panels the invented technology allows use of a novel photovoltaic system with simplified configuration and accurate Sun tracking to enhance power generation efficiency.

Technical & Industrial Perspective:

Manufacturing Process:

• The ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin film is initially deposited in methane (CH4) & hydrogen (H2) atmosphere where CH4/H2 is 4.5% in the absence of Ar at a pressure of 7 Torr and substrate temperature of 800°C.
• Post deposition, the films are implanted with phosphorus ions with energy 100 keV & beam current 1 µA. (Refer Fig.2).
• Annealing is performed in vacuum at high temperature to ensure the mobility of vacancies/point defects and to restore the crystallinity.
• Annealing helps in recovering from amorphization & helps in getting rid of implantation induced defects.
• Using a systematic variation of phosphorus doses implanted at 100 keV energy, developed UNCD films prototype with varied transport properties showing insulating behavior at low doses with hopping type conduction process & semi-metallic like conduction at moderate to high doses with an almost five times enhancement in conductivity values w.r.t. undoped diamond.

Utility:

• Multi-functionalities with diverse applications including development of room temperature quantum bits (QUBITs) for quantum computing, biosensing, detectors, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), color centers, diamond based electronic devices & etc. 

• Core layer formed of carbon-manganese steel material comprises a martensite microstructure.
• The First intermediate layer formed of duplex steel material comprises a ferrite and austenite microstructure.
• The Second intermediate layer formed of nickel prevents material interaction between the duplex stainless-steel material of the first intermediate layer and the titanium material of the outer layer Properties of functionally graded material layers

1. Yield Strength of about 513 MPa to 547 Mpa
2. Ultimate Tensile Strength of about 579 MPa to 619 Mpa
3. Elongation of about 11 %

• Laying operations are performed by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology.
• Corrosion-The outer layer, the first and the second intermediate layers act as corrosion resistant layers of the marine riser.
• Exhibit improved corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and high temperature high pressure resistance under marine conditions.

Technical Perspective:

• The present invention discloses solar photovoltaic (PV) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique and the adaptive zone based perturbs and observes (P&O) MPPT technique that is used to exploit maximum power from the solar PV array.
• The buck-boost converter helps in implementation due to high DC voltage gain, continuous input and output current and better transformer utilization.
• The said technique improves both the steady-state and dynamic performance under changing climatic conditions with natural drift-free tracking

User Perspective:

• Used to improve a steady-state MPPT efficiency and tracking speed under constant/slow/fast varying irradiance conditions.
• No additional sampling and sensors apart from voltage and current sensors required.

User Perspective:

• Provides a reliable and sustainable source of electricity generation by harnessing abundant ocean wave energy.
• Offers a solution that is environmentally friendly, economically viable, and adaptable to varying sea conditions.

Technical Perspective:

• Utilizes a novel design with bean-shaped floats and hinge-joint connections to ensure efficient energy capture from waves.
• Implements hydraulic and gearbox systems to efficiently convert mechanical wave motion into electrical power, overcoming traditional limitations of wave energy converters.

Technical Perspective:

• Provides simple, compact, high performance passive air breathing direct methanol fuel cell.
• Facilitates a facile clamping mechanism to prevent leakage & reduce the contact resistance between the cell components.

Liquid Fuel:

• Said liquid fuel consists of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or formic acid.
• Further, the fuel cell or the multiple fuel cell assembly is configured to operate with any liquid fuel.

Fuel Cell Assembly:

• Said assembly consists of one or more gaskets configured to provide sealing between the electrode assembly and the wall of the reservoir.

Electrode Holder Assembly:

• First electrode holder & second electrode holders are configured to mechanically interlock with each other to form an integral unit.
• 1st  electrode holder is configured to allow liquid fuel access to the anode,v2nd  electrode holder is configured to allow air access to the cathode through openings therein, and
• End plate configured to receive a bearing surface of the hollow screw & to convey pressure to the electrode holder assembly against the wall of the reservoir when the screw is tightened.

Efficiency:

• The cell is operated at room temperature or higher than room temperature in efficiently.

Industrial Perspective:

• Cost-effective Plug & play solution.
• Applicable as portable power sources in portable consumer electronics  like smartphones, tablets & other handheld devices that may need power for a long-time.

Technical Perspective:

• Compact, modular & scalable continuous-flow graywater sink for greywater treatment;
• Said continuous flow system is attached to a kitchen sink, bathtub, bathroom or toilet, with specific unit operations produce improved quality water from grey water.
• The organic & inorganic pollutants are removed through ozonolysis using ozone nanobubbles at the reactor.
• Further prevent the growth of pathogenic micro-organisms through UV sterilization for disinfection.
• The pharmaceutical contaminants (like carbamazepine) are removed in the presence of ozone nanobubbles and UVA irradiation.
• The volume of the water treated is more than 1 litre per day.
• The influent greywater flows through the treatment pathway where the controller receives feedback from sensing unit that determines the appropriate combination of unit operations to clean greywater for potable and non-potable uses.

User Perspective:

• That can channelize the treatment process for potable & non-potable uses.
• This compact continuous-flow system may be used during natural calamity like flood, drought & others, wherever there is scarcity of fresh clean water.

Industrial Perspective:

• Said continuous-flow system may be applicable in Hotels/Lodges/ restaurants/Resorts, others in house applications.

User perspective:-

• Enhanced catalytic activity: Faster reaction rates and increased productivity.
• Improved product quality: High-purity acrolein meeting industrial standards.
• Simplified operation: Catalyst stability and reusability reduce downtime and costs.
• Environment Sustainability: Utilizing renewable glycerol aligns with eco-friendly practices.

Industrial perspective:-

• Cost-effective production: Lower costs compared to traditional methods.
• Process efficiency: Maximizes yield and minimizes waste generation.
• Market competitiveness: Meets consumer demands for eco-friendly products.
• Scalability: Adaptable to varying production needs.

Technology perspective:-

• Novel catalyst design: Improved performance and selectivity.
• Tailored synthesis method: Uniform distribution of active sites enhances performance.
• Comprehensive characterization: Detailed analysis for optimization.
• Innovation potential: Supports ongoing research and development.