• Present patent describes an integrated sensor system for simultaneously measuring the wave propagation medium for its physical properties, rheology measurement & condition monitoring of surrounding media.
• System comprises a
• one or more of compatible wave propagation mediums linked to an ultrasonic energy transducer at one end as cold junction
• the other ends of the wave propagation mediums are joined together to form a closed end, i.e. a hot junction made by one or more of twisting, bending, bonding, extended welding, spot welding to provide ultrasonic damped junctions, electrical potential and mechanical strength;
• wave propagation mediums between the open end & closed end is characterized with one or more of reflectors such as bends, notches, coatings, the hot junction and gratings, along the length to obtain ultrasonic reflections;and
• the ultrasonic-thermoelectric hot junction/ultrasonic sensor’s gage length measures the physical properties of the wave propagation medium and its surrounding medium properties including rheology and strain parameters using ultrasonic waves propagating in the waveguide(s) in addition to temperature

• A method for all-optical clock recovery from optical data in advanced modulation formats, is disclosed herein.
• Improved All-Optical Clock Recovery Method
• Involves injection mode-locking of Erbium-doped fiber laser.
• Involves injection mode-locking of Erbium-doped fiber laser.
• Involves injection mode-locking of Erbium-doped fiber laser.
• Based on NPR-SA configuration.
• The method is not limited by the wavelength of the input signal across the C-band.

• Present patent disclosed a method for detecting a defect, in a thickness of an object, occurring due to corrosion and/or erosion.
• The cut-off property is used to determine the remnant thickness of structures.
• The cut-off thickness of a particular mode is the minimum thickness required for that mode to travel through the guided medium.
• For a particular mode, at one specific frequency, the cut-off thickness is constant. When cut-off frequency increases cut-off thickness decreases.
• The input excitation is coded to generate a mode in such a way that it contains a range of desired wavelengths & frequencies in it. The cut-off thickness acts as a filter allowing only the frequencies above the cut-off frequency to pass through.
• The frequencies below the cut-off frequency undergo reflection to the original thickness & one cut-off frequency value is corresponding to one thickness reduction value. Cutoff frequency can be identified by measuring the lower frequency limit of the particular mode transmitted through the inspection area or by measuring the higher frequency limit reflected from the inspection area.

• A Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) framework is configured with a prefrontal cortex at a higher level and Basal Ganglia (BG) and Hippocampus (HC) at the lower level wherein the Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) framework is implemented to understand the interaction between Basal Ganglia (BG), Cortical Network and the Hippocampus (HC) to provide real time and seamless spatial navigation in wide range of autonomous applications.
• The Basal Ganglia (BG) operates on at least one sensory data including but not limited to visual and others sensory data to extract local spatial information and prescribe navigational actions towards an immediate goal. The state of the BG is a continuous variable, which represents the the position of the agent in the ambient space
• The Hippocampus comprises a global spatial map “cognitive map” for planning navigation at a larger scale. The states of the Hippocampus correspond to the landmarks. The Basal Ganglia and Hippocampus (HC) forms a two-level hierarchical navigation module for planning and navigation in autonomous applications
• The Basal Ganglia (BG) is thought to implement Reinforcement Learning which modulates the relation between stimulus and response using the reward feedback from the environment. The BG passes on the results of learning progressively to the cortex. In the early stages of learning, the BG influences the motor output predominantly, while in the later stages, the motor cortex dominates the output, with diminishing contribution from the BG
• The Hippocampus (HC) receives inputs from the higher order or association areas of the parietal cortex and sends back projections to the same cortical areas. It also has bidirectional connections with the Prefrontal Cortex. Within the HC there are various hippocampus fields. It is proposed that the functional architecture of the HC is similar to BG

• Generating first and second signals for combustor’s turbulent velocity and acoustic pressure fluctuations.
• Determining phase locked values for signal synchronization.
• Measuring parameters for recurring turbulent velocity fluctuations at each combustor location.
• Determining Hurst exponent values based on first signal.
• Identifying critical region for phase locked values, recurring fluctuations, and Hurst exponent values.
• Injecting micro-jets to suppress thermo-acoustic instabilities.

• The present invention describes a process for oxidation of an arylalkyl or its derivative to its corresponding carbonyl or carboxylic acid.
• The process comprises the step of reacting the arylalkyl or its derivative, in water, with aqueous TBHP as an oxidant, in presence of a catalyst of formula (I): wherein, each of R1, R2, and R3, independently, is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and m is 0- 20.
• Further Patent relates to a process for preparing a catalyst of formula(I).
• Said catalyst of formula (I) as used in the process of the present invention can be recovered from the reaction mixture & recycled or reused.
• The catalyst may be recycled eight times for successful oxidation reactions without any significant loss of yield. (Fig.1)

• The tactile printer comprises a frame to support the print head, the components of the linear mechanism and a camera. The translator moves the print head, which is an extruder, along an x-y plane to produce a tactile image on a substrate.
• A controller is configured to control the components and operations of the tactile printer. The tactile line was calibrated for a width of 1.6 mm at 4 steps/second extrusion rate with constant of 0.00175 ml/step fluid flow. By controlling the extruder stepper motors in conjunction with the x−y stage, different complex tactile images were created on a regular A4 paper
• By placing the image in a paper to be tactiled on the print area, the overhead cameras capture a snapshot and send to the automated image recolonization module. Where the image content on the paper is recognized by comparing to the stored template image
• A graphical user interface configured to enable the user to identify parts of the image that need to be made tactile

• Present patent describes a method & device that uses hardware performance counters to detect malicious tasks with micro-architectural attack-like behavior. (Refer Fig.1 & Fig.2)
• Upon detection, the proposed method provides a mechanism to degrade and upgrade malicious program threads based on their behavior.
• This significantly reduces the impact of the false-positives on benign applications, while detecting malicious threads with high accuracy using features implemented in the hardware.
• The method for mitigating a micro-architectural side-channel attack by dynamically allocating resources to a plurality of applications by an electronic device, comprising a few steps shown in Fig.2.

• Present patent claimed a method of ionization on a 2D-nanostructured surface.
• Said method comprises the steps of:
• fabricating a 2D-nanostructured-MoS2-coatedpaper surface
• placing two silver contacts on top of the nanostructured surface & is connected to a picoammeter; &
• flowing protic solvents containing analytes over the nanostructured surface;
• The nanostructured surface is kept at an inclined angle for free flowing of the solvents to induce a dipole-dipole interaction leading to the dissociation of solvent molecules.
• The anions of the dissociated molecules move with the flow resulting in charge separation, & the movement of these negatively charged ions generate an electrokinetic current for ionizing analyte molecules, without any external power source.

• Present invention describes a gyroid tube structure for fluid-to-fluid heat exchange applications.
• Said structure consists of interconnected unit cells arranged in three dimensions.
• Each unit cell includes at least one first channel and at least second channel, separated by a partition wall structure.
• The partition wall structure is formed based on a periodic curved surface, specifically a periodic minimal curved surface.
• Multiple instances of the structure can be stacked to create a heat exchanger and ventilation device.
• First & second channels are perpendicular to each other, and the periodic minimal curved surface is a triply periodic minimal curved surface.
• Said Design allows for efficient heat exchange between fluids flowing through the channels.

Present patent describes a method & kit for environmental arsenic detection.

Method comprises the steps of:

• a cellular platform consisting of eukaryotic cells cultured on an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold made of biocompatible polymer;
• treating the cellular platform with arsenic extract;
• staining the treated cellular platform with fluorimetric probe;
• The cellular response to arsenic is measured in terms of the fluorescence response at the excitation/emission wavelengths of a fluorometric probe sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by arsenic.

• Present patent describes a high velocity ballistic device for producing bulk functionally graded materials (FGMs) by impacting projectiles onto a stationery target, the device comprises of
• three tubes
• a high-pressure tube (HPT), a   pump tube (PT) and a launch   tube (LT);’
• a piston;
• two diaphragms separating the junctions between the three tubes (HPT, PT, and LT);and
• a means to pressurize the high-pressure tube. (Refer Fig.2)
• The velocity of the projectile is controlled by the pressure of air in the high-pressure tube & the diaphragm material & their total thickness.

Operation

• During the pressure inside the high-pressure tube reaches a critical value, the first diaphragm between HPT & PT  gets ruptured, pushing the piston forward which develops a very high pressure inside the PT that causes the second diaphragm to rupture, the projectile kept in the LT, just after the second diaphragm, gets accelerated & exits the launch tube at a high velocity to impact the stationary placed at a distance.

• Present patent related to a hyperloop transportation system for highspeed transportation of people and/or objects.
• Said system comprises two or more tubes for movement of hyperloop pods within.
• The two or more tubes may be connected with each other through a plurality of passageways by allowing flow of air streams through them for distribution of air flow pressure among the two or more tubes.
• The passageways may be positioned at regular interval between the first tube & the second tube.
• The passageways may comprise flow control valves installed on the passageways for controlling the flow of the air through the passageways.
• The Hyperloop transportation system may further comprise an auxiliary tube for allowing movement of air through the plurality of passageways.
• The hyperloop transportation system is also comprise a flow control valve installed on one or more of the plurality of passageways for relieving air pressure & minimizing interference between high-pressure air streams flowing through the two or more tubes.
• The flow control valve may be actuated with a pre-programmed control logic.

• Present patent discussed about a pseudo-differential amplifier chain.
• Said pseudo-differential amplifier chain comprises a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter pair as amplifier, configured to receive a differential signal.
• Further, it includes a voltage regulator unit connected to the pseudo-differential amplifier chain to provide a supply voltage Vs for biasing the pseudo-differential amplifier at a reference Direct current (DC) operating point.
• Moreover, the pseudo-differential amplifier chain includes a current mirror circuit connected with the pseudo-differential amplifier chain to receive a supply current from the pseudo-differential amplifier chain & generate a mirrored output current.
• The mirrored output current is used to determine strength of the differential signal.

• Advanced Climbing Mechanism: The step climbing apparatus features a gear train, telescopic slider unit, and a four-bar linkage system to enable efficient traversal of steps and steep slopes up to 90 degrees, enhancing mobility and stability on uneven terrains.
• Active Control for Stability: The apparatus includes an active control mechanism and vibration-dampening features to prevent tilting and damage to the payload, ensuring stable operation while climbing and navigating irregular surfaces.
• Versatile Applications: Designed for terraced agricultural fields, the apparatus can also be utilized in construction, industrial processes, and rescue operations, offering robust performance in challenging environments.

• The invention introduces a modular machining edge for ultrasonic milling machines, composed of at least two or three separate elements, making it easier to manufacture, assemble, and replace parts.
• The separate elements (threading, adapter, and profile) are made from various materials like aluminum, steel, and titanium, allowing for tailored properties depending on the cutting application.
• By separating the machining edge into smaller, easily producible components, the invention reduces manufacturing complexity, cost, and time compared to traditional single-piece machining edges.

• The present invention discloses a system and method for a continuous-time pipeline (CTP) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) which comprises the benefits of pipelining with continuous-time operation.
• The system incorporates at least one pipeline stage configured with non-identical amplifier filters, achieving a unique transfer function for each stage to reduce in-band transfer function droop.
• By utilizing non-identical residue amplifying filters in each pipeline stage, the system effectively reduces droop in the signal band, enhancing overall performance.
• The system features a computing application capable of determining the number of stages and filters, analyzing the non-identical transfer function, and determining transfer functions for non-identical pipeline stages.
• Unlike conventional approaches, the system is designed to realize an overall transfer function rather than selecting transfer functions for individual pipeline stages.
• The method provides flexibility by allowing the use of non-identical residue-amplifying filters such as Butterworth and Chebyshev filters, catering to user or application-specific requirements. The overall Butterworth design achieves higher Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio with lower droop at the band edge.

• The technology introduces a miniaturized Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) unit cell with a metal ring and dipole structure, designed to reflect specific millimeter wave frequencies while transmitting others with minimal loss.
• The FSS can de-multiplex multiple frequency bands (e.g., 50-60 GHz, 170-195 GHz) for advanced remote sensing applications, with tailored reflection and transmission properties to handle different wavebands effectively.
• The unit cell features a dielectric substrate and metal layer with precise dimensions and materials (e.g., gold, copper), optimizing performance for low-loss operation and wideband frequency separation in millimeter-wave remote sensing.

• The invention provides a method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic-fed single-stage multisource inverters by determining and comparing reference voltages for multiple photovoltaic panels to optimize power extraction and efficiency.
• It introduces control parameters (first and second) that measure differences between actual and reference voltages, using these to generate pulse width modulated gate signals for semiconductor switches, thereby optimizing power delivery to the load or grid.
• The system employs a varying carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) technique to manage the connection and current supply duration of each photovoltaic panel, enhancing the inverter’s overall performance and power extraction capabilities.

• Staggered Well Design: Introduces a system with injectors or producers having vertical and angled portions, extending into a pay zone, optimizing resource extraction.
• Enhanced Extraction: Angled portions strategically configured to avoid overlap, boosting the extraction of hydrocarbons, energy, or minerals with variable azimuth and elevation angles.
• Configuration Flexibility: Offers flexibility with adjustable angles (𝜑 and θ) between injectors or producers, accommodating diverse geological conditions for optimal performance.
• Drilling Methodology: Involves using a drilling apparatus to create the staggered well structure, including vertical portions around the pay zone periphery and angled portions towards the central area.
• Depth and Length Variability: System allows for varied depth (5 to 30000 meters) and length (5 to 50000 meters) of angled portions, along with diameter options (25 mm to 1000 mm) for adaptability to different geological contexts.