• Simulates human motor control more realistically with detailed cortico-basal ganglia interactions than existing models.
• Adapts strategies to lesion size and task complexity, unlike rigid conventional rehabilitation systems.
• Tracks metrics like PRV and reaching error, offering objective evaluations instead of subjective observations.
• Addresses both immediate and delayed stroke rehabilitation, supporting comprehensive therapy plans.
• Focuses on complex bimanual tasks, enabling effective rehabilitation for everyday functional movements.

Layer arrangement:

• First, Second, Third layers.

First scaffold:

• Vertical scaffold with angular tubes.
• Vertical scaffold: 6mm x 6mmx 0.3mm to 12mmx 12mmx0.6mm.
• Polymer weight: First scaffold: 255mg to 265mg;

Second scaffold:

• Continuous slots to glide over the first scaffold’s angular tubes.
• Polymer weight: Second scaffold: 75mg to 85mg.
• Second scaffold: 6.5mm x 6mmx 0.3mm to 13mmx 12mmx0.6mm.

Angular tubes:

• Wide pores for fibroblast migration and population.
• Pore diameters ranging from 0.1mm to 0.2mm.
• Equal spacing of angular tubes on vertical scaffold.
• Angles: 55°-70°, 90°, 100°-120°
• Angled tubes: 2mm to 4mm, outer diameter 1mm to 2mm, inner diameter 0.8 mm to 1.6mm.

Coating:

• Collagen, poly-L-lysine, hydrogel gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and fibronectin.

3D Printing Method:

• Step (a) printed using a 3D printer at nozzle temperature between 1950°C and 2400°C.
• Step includes coating scaffold with components from collagen, poly-L-lysine, hydrogel gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and fibronectin.

Technique used:

• Fused deposition modeling (FDM).

Coating Scaffold with Components:

• Collagen, poly-L-lysine, Hydrogel Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA), and fibronectin.

Preparing Calcium Lactate Nanostructures for Therapeutic Delivery:

• Addition of calcium carbonate nanoparticles to 40% lactic acid for sonication and stirring.
• Addition of ethanol to the syrupy liquid to form a white slurry with calcium lactate nanostructures.
• Centrifugation at 12000 rpm for 20 minutes at 20°C to retain sediment and remove supernatant.
• Washing of sediment with 90% ethanol for obtaining calcium lactate nanostructures.
• Lyophilization and storage at -80°C for obtaining nanostructures.
• Nanostructures are crystalline nanostrip, nanobelt, nanowire, nanorods with positive zeta potential.

Calcium Lactate Nanostructure Complexation Method

• Complexes calcium lactate nanostructure with at least one siRNA.
• Complexing occurs at pH 5-8, temperature 15-37°C, and incubation period ranging from seconds to 10 minutes.
• CaLNS-siRNA complex inhibits target gene expression via RNA interference.

Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticle Preparation Method

• Dissolve 250 mg sodium carbonate in 50 ml milliQ water.
• Dissolve 300mg calcium chloride in 50 ml milliQ water under continuous sonication at 40°C.
• Add calcium chloride to sodium carbonate under sonication for 60 minutes.
• Wash the precipitate three times in a 4:2 milliQ water:ethanol mixture.
• Centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 15 minutes to precipitate calcium carbonate.
• Store freeze-dried and stored at -80°C.

“SiRNA Delivery Method”

• Transfecting cells with CaLNS-siRNA complex.
• Incubation of cells for 30-12 hours.

• Unlike traditional systems that only perform one function (air conditioning, refrigeration, or water generation), this invention combines all three into a single, integrated system. This reduces the need for separate equipment, saves space, and simplifies maintenance, while also offering cost savings through energy efficiency.
• The use of a membrane dehumidifier eliminates the risk of air entering the solution circuit, which is a common issue in traditional desiccant systems that can cause corrosion and performance decline. It ensures that the system operates reliably and maintains efficiency over a longer period.
• The optimal application of internal heat exchangers improves the overall coefficient of performance (COP) by recycling thermal energy, which is not typically done in conventional systems. This results in lower energy consumption and operational costs.
• Many existing systems focus only on cooling or refrigeration, while this invention adds the capability of fresh water production. The system recycles the condensate from the dehumidifier, converting it into fresh water.
• Traditional air conditioning systems tend to lose efficiency in humid and hot environments. This system is specifically designed to overcome the challenges of hot, humid climates by utilizing desiccant based humidity control.

• As one gram of DNA carries 108 TB (TeraBytes) of data, the system can be used to store large amounts of data in a highly secure and compact manner. Whereas, one gram of silicon chip carries only 16 MB of data.
• The glycerol stocks of bacterial culture containing data can be stored in liquid nitrogen for a thousand years. Whereas conventional storage methods may get corrupted when stored for long periods of time.
• The processing time for encryption and decryption of data using DNA cryptography is mush faster when compared to conventional cryptography methods.

1.Increased Yield Efficiency:

• Over 60% enhanced Camptothecin (CPT) production through optimized bioprocesses using Fusarium solani.

2. Cost-Effective Production:

• Utilizes readily available exogenous agents and growth mediums, reducing overall production costs.

3. Scalability Potential:

• The robust and scalable process is suitable for large-scale industrial applications, meeting growing demand for CPT.

4. Enhanced Extraction Method:

• Efficient sonication and solvent extraction protocol ensures high purity and yield of Camptothecin.

5. Versatile Growth Medium:

• Employs Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) for optimal growth and metabolite production in endophytes.

6. Reliable Quantitative Analysis:

• Accurate quantification of CPT using RP-HPLC, ensuring consistent product quality and potency.

1. Enhanced Cell Growth:

• Optimized for both scaffold-based and scaffold-free cell culture, boosting cell proliferation and differentiation rates.

2. Precision Environmental Control:

• Integrated sensors and controllers regulate critical factors like temperature, pH, and gas levels, ensuring consistent and reproducible cell culture conditions.

3. Shear Stress and Magnetic Field Application

• Electromechanical drive mechanism imparts controlled shear stress and magnetic fields, enhancing cellular responses and tissue maturation.

4. Scalable Dual-Chamber Design:

• Modular bioreactor with separated chambers allows for distinct stages of cell culture, from initial growth to final maturation.

5. Real-Time Monitoring:

• Advanced sensors, including temperature, osmolality, and pH, provide continuous feedback, enabling precise adjustments to the cell culture environment.

6. Customizable and Versatile:

• Adaptable configuration with replaceable components like membranes and heat exchangers, suitable for various cell types and research applications.

Coverslipper Device Overview:

• Processes large format slides of 6” X 8” and 5” X 7”, and can be customized to smaller sizes.
• Features a slide tray with stained slides inserted into grooves for easy pick-up. Uses a wedge-shaped nozzle to uniformly dispense mountant medium over the slide.
• Controlled by a dedicated algorithm for accurate and uniform placement and air bubble prevention.
• Composed of a vertical plate, a first curved plate, and a second curved plate.
• Rotates the second curved plate along a predefined path, allowing vacuum suction cups to lift the cover slip.
• Achieves a unique locus of motion to prevent air pockets and bubbles below the cover slip.The rack mimics human ankle motion between Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion positions.

Uses and Applications:

• Prevents contact between the microscope’s objective lens and the specimen.
• Provides an even thickness (in wet mounts) for viewing depth.
• Viewing enhancement as the specimen is flattened.
• Deceleration of evaporation from the sample, both in wet and dry mounted slides.
• Permanent affixation for long term and repeated use of Permanent Specimens.

Large Format Specimen Protection and Storage:

• Enables long-term preservation and storage of large format specimens.
• Economizes cover-slipping process through indigenous algorithms
• Versatile, supporting multiple slide sizes, a unique feature not found anywhere else
• Supports cover-slipping of large quantities of slides, like adult human brain sections.
• Processes large format cover-slips, a unique feature not developed globally.

Graphene Foam Creation:

• Three distinct layers with unique reinforcement, morphology, porosity, and mechanical strength.

Graphene Foam Surface Coating:

• Diluted PCL solution (4% w/v) for structural stability.
• Dip-coated and vacuum dried.

Dip-Coated GF Structural Similarity:

• Shows structural similarity to middle periodontal ligaments.
• Provides directional cell migration cues.

Cementum Side Preparation:

• Reinforcement with highly concentrated PCL.
• Spin-coating for reinforcement.

“PVA Coating Process”:

• Water-soluble polymer coated.
• Spin-coating up to desired middle layer thickness.

The last layer is prepared with PCL (15%w/v)-HA solution:

• to mimic the bone layer.

Adjusting Layer Thickness and Porosity:

• Manipulating spin coating duration.
• Adjusting layer porosity with polymer concentration and vacuum drying parameters.

Reinforcing Polymers for Tissue Regeneration:

• Useful for other tissue regeneration applications.

Periodontitis Treatment Overview:

• Regeneration of cementum, periodontal ligament, bone.

• Achieves high efficiency intracellular delivery (80%-91%) within 3D cell culture spheroids.
• Compatible with various cell types, including primary cells and cancer cell lines.
• Ensures minimal cell damage and Maintains high viability with optimized laser parameters.
• Represents advancement in the intracellular delivery technique.
• Utilizes innovative gold nanostar-mediated delivery for enhanced specificity.
• Provides physiologically relevant results by mimicking in vivo tumor microenvironments.
• Offers biocompatibility and safety with gold nanostars and infrared diode lasers.
• Cost-effective and user-friendly, utilizing common laboratory equipment and reagents.

Structure

• A mold is formed using a SU8 3D structure on a silicon substrate for casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps.
• The SU8 3005 (Micro chemical) is selected for making the 3D mold.
• The SU8 3D structure is spin-coated, soft-baked, patterned, hard-baked, and developed in a SU8 developer.

Cell Alignment

• Innovative Cell Alignment Process in Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) Structure
• Improved 2D substrate protein micropatterning process for cell alignment.

Cell affinity

• Provides chemical stimulus to cells, enabling them to align in a specific pattern and achieve cell affinity.

Toxicity

• The process is nontoxic, easy to implement, and can pattern heterogeneous cell lines.

Performance

• Efficient analysis of genetic disorder for the patient at a single cell level
• Precise genome and transcriptome analysis at the single cell level, provide functional consequence of mutation and copy number variation of cells

Application

• Effectively useful for intracellular delivery

Toxic Content

• Toxic-free

Shape

• Star shaped gold nanostructures and crystalline nature

Deliver mode

• Deliver biomolecules to the cells by light activated technique mediated by star shaped gold nanostructures

Synthesis

• Droplet based microfluidic device can be used to synthesize star shaped gold nanoparticles in a single step without the use of any surfactant

Gold precursor

• Tetrachloroauric acid

Strong acid is hydrochloric acid

• Thiolated polymer
• Poly(ethylene glycol) thiol

Reducing agent

• Trisodium citrate for Au seed formation
• Acetic acid for Nanostar formation

Flow rates

• 150 to 900 µL/h to achieve the oil to aqueous phase flow rate ratio as 1 to 6.
• At any point of synthesis, parameters can be tuned by varying the flow rate of reagents and concentration ratio.

Time efficiency

• Au NS synthesis in microfluidic device takes only few seconds & cost-effectiveness.

• Can be used for biomechanical forces like dynamic or static compression loading, hydrostatic pressure.
• Growth medium of perfusion may be separately or in combination on cell seeded scaffolds/tissue explants for tissue engineering applications.
• The compression chamber of size ratio 30x60x180 is slotted with 12 cylindrical slots.
• Minimum loading time of the cell seeded scaffolds less than that 5-10 minutes.
• Compact and consists of members which have dual functions.
• vivo microenvironment by controlling the amount and type of biomechanical forces.
• Improved bio-reactor for generating tissues like neo-cartilaginous tissues, bone tissue, liver tissues etc.
• Easy to assemble, disassemble.

Direct and Accurate Measurement:

• Revolutionizes cAMP assessment in mammalian cells with precise, direct reporting, avoiding costly and destructive traditional methods.

Independent Transactivation:

• Enables cAMP transactivation via synthetic CRP-VP16 construct, bypassing PKA/CREB signaling pathways for robust functionality.

Versatile Compatibility:

• Compatible with various mammalian cell lines, including cancer cells with aberrant cAMP signaling, ensuring broad applicability.

Synthetic Biology Innovation:

• Integrates bacterial transcriptional regulator CRP with mammalian cells, leveraging synthetic biology for advanced cellular functionality.

Simplified Workflow:

• Streamlines experimental process by delivering construct via vectors, facilitating entry into cells for efficient implementation.

Comprehensive Applications:

• Provides insights into hormone function, regulatory protein activity, and drug effects, expanding molecular pharmacological studies in GPCR research.

• Simplicity: The production process is simpler compared to antibody production.
• Cost-effectiveness: It is more cost-effective than antibody-based methods.
• Specificity: The fusion proteins exhibit high specificity for detecting c-kit expression.
• Stability: The SCF fused SNAP-tag is stable for extended periods, even at refrigerated temperatures.

• Present invention provides a transliteration system for all the Indian languages into a single unique script called as “Bharati“.
• Bharati script is entirely new script, consist of minimum characters having small number of strokes, that do not belongs to any language but transliterate all the major Indian language script.
• Thus our transliteration system includes a user interface with an application pre-programmed with Bharati characters that automatically identifies a text in an Indian language & transliterates the text.
• The tens of thousands of characters in all the major Indian languages can be transliterated using only these Bharati characters.
• A lot of morphologies of Bharati used are drawn from typically occurring themes in Indian alphabets systems & in English alphabets.
• Bharati vowels are distinguished by a unique diacritic added to a common base which resembles a ‘c’ character turned leftwards, indicating the character as a pure vowel.
• Recommended to implement the system in Traditional Knowledge Digital Library & other National Indian Libraries.

Enhanced Biomass Production

• The bioprocess optimally cultivates Viola odorata L. in bioreactors, ensuring high biomass yield for the extraction of valuable secondary metabolites.

Multi-Factor Optimization

• Using advanced tools, the process optimizes various parameters, including temperature, pH, and growth regulators, to maximize both biomass and metabolite production.

Bioreactor Versatility

• The choice of bioreactor design (stirrer tank, air lift, or bubble column) accommodates diverse production needs.

Operation Flexibility

• Operate in batch, fed-batch, or continuous mode, with nutrient feeding strategies fine-tuned for efficiency.

High-Yielding Cell Lines

• The optimized Viola odorata L. cell line VOP-4 ensures maximum biomass production.

• Extracted metabolites exhibit potent biological activities, rivaling those from natural plant sources with applications in malaria treatment, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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